1 Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern(R). Ophthalmology. 2020;127(1):P66–P145. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.025
2 Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(4):527–32. doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030405011
3 Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(4):520–6. doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030398010
4 Abramoff MD, Folk JC, Han DP, et al. Automated analysis of retinal images for detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(3):351–7. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1743
5 Ahmed J, Ward TP, Bursell SE, Aiello LM, Cavallerano JD, Vigersky RA. The sensitivity and specificity of nonmydriatic digital stereoscopic retinal imaging in detecting diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. Oct 2006;29(10):2205-9. doi:10.2337/dc06-0295
6 Cavallerano JD, Aiello LP, Cavallerano AA, et al. Nonmydriatic digital imaging alternative for annual retinal examination in persons with previously documented no or mild diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(4):667–73. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.075
7 Conlin PR, Fisch BM, Cavallerano AA, Cavallerano JD, Bursell SE, Aiello LM. Nonmydriatic teleretinal imaging improves adherence to annual eye examinations in patients with diabetes. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2006;43(6):733–40. doi:10.1682/jrrd.2005.07.0117
8 Diabetes Prevention Program Research G. The prevalence of retinopathy in impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabet Med. 2007;24(2):137–44. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02043.x
9 Diamond JP, McKinnon M, Barry C, et al. Non-mydriatic fundus photography: a viable alternative to fundoscopy for identification of diabetic retinopathy in an Aboriginal population in rural Western Australia? Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998;26(2):109–15. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01525.x
10 Farley TF, Mandava N, Prall FR, Carsky C. Accuracy of primary care clinicians in screening for diabetic retinopathy using single-image retinal photography. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(5):428–34. doi:10.1370/afm.857
11 Fonda SJ, Bursell SE, Lewis DG, Garren J, Hock K, Cavallerano J. The relationship of a diabetes telehealth eye care program to standard eye care and change in diabetes health outcomes. Telemed J E Health. 2007;13(6):635–44. doi:10.1089/tmj.2007.0025
12 Klein R, Klein BE. Screening for diabetic retinopathy, revisited. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(2):261–3. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01593-3
13 Larsen N, Godt J, Grunkin M, Lund-Andersen H, Larsen M. Automated detection of diabetic retinopathy in a fundus photographic screening population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(2):767–71. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0417
14 Lawrence MG. The accuracy of digital-video retinal imaging to screen for diabetic retinopathy: an analysis of two digital-video retinal imaging systems using standard stereoscopic seven-field photography and dilated clinical examination as reference standards. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;102:321–40.
15 Leese GP, Ellis JD, Morris AD, Ellingford A. Does direct ophthalmoscopy improve retinal screening for diabetic eye disease by retinal photography? Diabet Med. 2002;19(10):867–9. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00800.x
16 Li HK, Horton M, Bursell SE, et al. Telehealth practice recommendations for diabetic retinopathy, second edition. Telemed J E Health. 2011;17(10):814–37. doi:10.1089/tmj.2011.0075
17 Lin DY, Blumenkranz MS, Brothers RJ, Grosvenor DM. The sensitivity and specificity of single-field nonmydriatic monochromatic digital fundus photography with remote image interpretation for diabetic retinopathy screening: a comparison with ophthalmoscopy and standardized mydriatic color photography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(2):204–13. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01522-2
18 Maberley D, Walker H, Koushik A, Cruess A. Screening for diabetic retinopathy in James Bay, Ontario: a cost-effectiveness analysis. CMAJ. 2003;168(2):160–4.
19 Pugh JA, Jacobson JM, Van Heuven WA, et al. Screening for diabetic retinopathy. The wide-angle retinal camera. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(6):889–95. doi:10.2337/diacare.16.6.889
20 Rudnisky CJ, Hinz BJ, Tennant MT, de Leon AR, Greve MD. High-resolution stereoscopic digital fundus photography versus contact lens biomicroscopy for the detection of clinically significant macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(2):267–74. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00933-2
21 Velez R, Haffner S, Stern M, Vanheuven W. Ophthalmologist vs retinal photographs in screening for diabetic retinopathy. Clinical Research. 1987;35(3):A363.
22 Williams GA, Scott IU, Haller JA, Maguire AM, Marcus D, McDonald HR. Single-field fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy screening: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(5):1055–62. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.02.004
23 Scanlon PH. Screening Intervals for Diabetic Retinopathy and Implications for Care. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(10):96. doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0928-6
24 Agardh E, Tababat-Khani P. Adopting 3-year screening intervals for sight-threatening retinal vascular lesions in type 2 diabetic subjects without retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1318–9. doi:10.2337/dc10-2308
25 Hughes D, Nair S, Harvey JN. Determining diabetic retinopathy screening interval based on time from no retinopathy to laser therapy. J Med Screen. 2017;24(4):170–5. doi:10.1177/0969141316672687
26 Younis N, Broadbent DM, Vora JP, Harding SP, Liverpool Diabetic Eye S. Incidence of sight-threatening retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study: a cohort study. Lancet. 2003;361(9353):195–200. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12267-2
Literatur zu Replik
1 Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, Fawzi A, Lim JI, Vemulakonda GA, Ying GS. Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(1):P66–P145.
2 Scanlon PH. Screening Intervals for Diabetic Retinopathy and Implications for Care. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(10):96.